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進(jìn)口潛油電泵-進(jìn)口深井泵

GERMANY KAYSEN PUMP CO .,LTD

德國凱森進(jìn)口潛油電泵機(jī)組是一種機(jī)械采油設(shè)備。進(jìn)口深井泵是一種多級(jí)離心泵，每一級(jí)由一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)的葉輪和一個(gè)固定的導(dǎo)輪組成，葉輪分浮動(dòng)和壓緊兩種，葉輪的結(jié)構(gòu)決定泵的排量，葉輪的級(jí)數(shù)決定泵的揚(yáng)程，在油井中潛油電機(jī)將機(jī)械能傳遞給潛油泵，潛油泵內(nèi)的葉輪高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，將原油從井中抽送到地面集油系統(tǒng)。潛油電泵原以三大公司引進(jìn)，經(jīng)改造開發(fā)了各種系列，并獲得了較高的泵效、揚(yáng)程及流量。

主要特點(diǎn)：
● 大排量采液是這種采油方法的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是，目前潛油電泵也經(jīng)常應(yīng)用于產(chǎn)液量比較低的油井。
● 這種泵能夠把油井中位于上部水層的水轉(zhuǎn)注到下部的注水層中。
● 操作簡(jiǎn)單，管理方便，在市區(qū)應(yīng)用有得于美化環(huán)境、減少噪音。
● 能夠較好地運(yùn)用于斜井、水平井以及海上采油。
● 容易處理腐蝕和結(jié)蠟。
● 容易安裝井下壓力及溫度等測(cè)試裝置，并通過電纜將測(cè)試信號(hào)傳遞到地面，進(jìn)行測(cè)量讀數(shù)。
● 為適應(yīng)油井產(chǎn)量遞減或發(fā)生變化，可采用變頻裝置調(diào)節(jié)電源頻率來實(shí)現(xiàn)，但投入費(fèi)用較高。
● 免修期較長，油井生產(chǎn)時(shí)效相對(duì)比較高。

主要應(yīng)用：
廣泛應(yīng)用于水、溫泉、油田、煉油、石油化工等介質(zhì)。

使用條件：
●環(huán)境介質(zhì)溫度：≤150℃;油井溫度：50~180℃。溫度小于90℃，O型密封圈一般采用*橡膠，葉輪上的止推墊片，一般采用酚醛層壓玻璃布板，高于90℃的油井，O型密封圈一般采用氟橡膠（170℃），葉輪上的止推墊片一般選用F4聚苯（150℃）。

●含氣量：潛油泵在油井工作時(shí)是完全浸在井液中的。油井中往往含有不同種類的游離氣體，游離氣體對(duì)潛油泵的工作特性會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響，當(dāng)達(dá)到一定量時(shí)則發(fā)生氣鎖，氣體干擾嚴(yán)重影響潛油電泵的正常工作，使電機(jī)負(fù)載急劇變化或卸載，可在潛油泵的下面安裝油氣分離器。

●井液含砂量：≤0.05%,含砂量：潛油泵在油井中抽汲井液時(shí)，要求井液中含砂不超過0.05%。

●適用介質(zhì)：油水或油氣水三相混合物，在吸入口壓力條件下，氣體量占三相總體積流量的0～30%；

●井液粘度：≤7mm2/s；

潛油電泵現(xiàn)場(chǎng)管理和故障處理：
1.1 設(shè)備檢查部位
  （1）控制柜的檢查：運(yùn)行中接觸器是否吸合穩(wěn)定、振動(dòng)噪音是否正常；電流記錄儀是否準(zhǔn)確，卡片上電流數(shù)與儀表量程是否一致；
  （2）變壓器的檢查：聲音、油位油色是否屬正常現(xiàn)象；高壓開關(guān)接觸良好與否，刀片吃入深度要大于80%；
  （3）井口檢查：井口放氣閥，油表等是否齊全；閘門開關(guān)有無銹蝕，是否靈活等。
  1.2 電泵井投產(chǎn)后的管理要求
  （1）電泵井正常操作由值班采油工操作，發(fā)生故障時(shí)必須由持有電泵操作證書的專業(yè)人員處理；
  （2）機(jī)組投入正常運(yùn)行后，注意更換電流卡片，為確保記錄的準(zhǔn)確性，在投產(chǎn)前或各種原因停機(jī)時(shí)應(yīng)進(jìn)行電流記錄儀零位校正；
  （3）做好各項(xiàng)信息的更新的工作。
  1.3 電泵井清蠟
  在電泵井投產(chǎn)后一周內(nèi)應(yīng)進(jìn)行一次清蠟通井，并根據(jù)具體情況制定合理的清蠟周期。清蠟操作要保質(zhì)保量，應(yīng)做到起下順利、不帶硬蠟、不頂鉆、不堵井筒等事項(xiàng)，在清蠟結(jié)束后要建立相關(guān)的工作臺(tái)賬。
  2 潛油泵電流卡片分析及故障處理
  潛油泵井電流卡片是反映潛油泵運(yùn)行過程中時(shí)間與潛油電機(jī)的電流變化關(guān)系曲線，它是潛油泵井日常生產(chǎn)管理的主要依據(jù)。正常的電流卡片中，電流曲線應(yīng)為一條平滑的曲線。
  2.1 泵在受氣干擾中運(yùn)行的電流卡片
  原油脫氣，大量氣體進(jìn)泵引起電流波動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量下降。防止方法為：在泵吸入口加氣錨或旋轉(zhuǎn)式油氣分離器；合理控制套管氣；保證機(jī)組合理的沉淀度；井液中加入一定量的破乳劑。
  2.2 過載停機(jī)的電流卡片
  機(jī)組啟動(dòng)后，電流逐漸上升到額定電流值正常運(yùn)行；隨后逐漸上升，*達(dá)到過載電流整定值，過載停機(jī)。預(yù)防及處理方法：正常過載停機(jī)應(yīng)進(jìn)行洗井；下泵前沖砂，出砂井上提機(jī)組；定時(shí)清蠟和熱洗地面管線；處理缺相，或更換機(jī)組。
  2.3 電壓波動(dòng)
  當(dāng)供電電壓波動(dòng)時(shí)，為了滿足泵的功率需求，馬達(dá)電流也會(huì)隨之波動(dòng)。原因?yàn)楣╇娋€路上大功率柱塞泵突然啟動(dòng)引發(fā)電壓瞬時(shí)下降、附近抽油機(jī)井多口同時(shí)啟動(dòng)，或是有雷擊現(xiàn)象。防止辦法：在大面積斷電后，等其他設(shè)備啟動(dòng)后再啟泵，并裝上避雷設(shè)備。
  2.4 供液不足
  由于地層供液不足，泵抽空最終過載關(guān)停，系統(tǒng)會(huì)自動(dòng)重啟。當(dāng)電流降低，產(chǎn)液量和泵效就會(huì)降低，直至無液進(jìn)泵，導(dǎo)致欠載停機(jī)。原因是在電泵井投產(chǎn)初期，選泵不當(dāng)，或在生產(chǎn)一段時(shí)間后，油井供液。處理辦法：縮小油嘴；加深泵掛；更換小排量的機(jī)組。
  3 潛油電泵的其它故障的判斷與處理[2]
  3.1 管柱漏失判斷與處理
  當(dāng)發(fā)生管柱漏失時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)油壓、產(chǎn)量相對(duì)下降。帶有泄油閥管柱的井，多數(shù)是由泄油銷被砸斷或沖蝕引起，須檢泵作業(yè)才能恢復(fù)生產(chǎn)；管柱腐蝕漏失的井，可通過管柱憋壓的驗(yàn)證方法來判斷。
  3.2 停機(jī)后再啟動(dòng)電流加大
  稠油電泵井停機(jī)后重啟電流會(huì)加大，致使機(jī)組被燒毀，此現(xiàn)象在冬季會(huì)更加明顯。油井在停產(chǎn)后溫度降低，油變稠、流動(dòng)性變差，泵提速變慢，電泵長時(shí)間處在高轉(zhuǎn)速下運(yùn)行，電流很高，導(dǎo)致壽命變短?？刹捎米冾l集中切換技術(shù)，用一臺(tái)變頻機(jī)對(duì)多井口進(jìn)行控制，使每口井實(shí)現(xiàn)軟啟動(dòng)。投資不大可減少啟泵燒機(jī)，原油溫度的逐漸升高也可減輕原油粘度對(duì)泵的影響。3.3 電纜故障診斷與處理
  電纜發(fā)生故障表現(xiàn)為地面控制柜過載停機(jī)，有時(shí)配電盤跳閘電流卡片上的電流曲線突然上升，與電機(jī)電氣損壞相似，在進(jìn)行檢測(cè)時(shí)，三相對(duì)地絕緣電阻為0，電阻平衡。電纜損壞有兩種情況：一是在井口或油管掛處損壞，直阻不超過1Ω；二是遠(yuǎn)離井口，直阻為2-3Ω，具體損壞處可根據(jù)每米電纜的阻值進(jìn)行測(cè)算得出。對(duì)于在井口損壞情況，可重新接纜；如果在采油樹帽下到幾根油管處，可上提油管重新接纜；若損壞很嚴(yán)重，必須檢泵作業(yè)。
  3.4 井液引起的故障與處理
  這種情況可能發(fā)生在井液含砂泥等機(jī)械雜質(zhì)井、電泵試油勘探井、防砂完井生產(chǎn)的新井中。表現(xiàn)是運(yùn)行電流高、有波動(dòng)，當(dāng)超過過載設(shè)定值時(shí)過載停機(jī)，也有可能堵塞油嘴。對(duì)于防砂完井生產(chǎn)的新井，原因是完井作業(yè)后填砂未沖洗干凈，可采取以下辦法解決：上調(diào)過載設(shè)定值；調(diào)大油嘴；停機(jī)進(jìn)行反沖洗。
  3.5 套管氣引起的故障診斷與排除
  當(dāng)油井供液不足時(shí)，引起油井液面很低接近泵吸入口，套管環(huán)空內(nèi)的氣體進(jìn)入電泵內(nèi)導(dǎo)致欠載停泵。處理這種情況有以下幾種辦法：
  （1）控制套壓、調(diào)低欠載設(shè)定值；
  （2）間歇生產(chǎn)，采取人工或控制柜自動(dòng)啟泵方式；
  （3）若泵掛較淺，可加深泵掛深度；
  （4）調(diào)低欠載設(shè)定值、縮小油嘴；
  （5）對(duì)油層進(jìn)行酸化、壓裂等增產(chǎn)措施；
  （6）打開未開采層位生產(chǎn)，補(bǔ)充液源；
  （7）更換與油井相配的電泵泵。
  3.6 機(jī)組匹配不合理引起的故障判斷與處理
  若電泵機(jī)組匹配不合理，也可能引起故障。一是出現(xiàn)“大馬拉小車”現(xiàn)象，一般不會(huì)引起事故，但當(dāng)電機(jī)余量大時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生欠載；二是出現(xiàn)“小馬拉大車”現(xiàn)象，運(yùn)行電流會(huì)高于額定電流，嚴(yán)重時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)啟動(dòng)困難和機(jī)組燒毀現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這些情況時(shí)，只能待檢泵作業(yè)時(shí)更換合適的電泵機(jī)組。

Germany Kaysen submersible pump unit is a mechanical oil production equipment. The submersible pump is a multi-stage centrifugal pump. Each stage consists of a rotating impeller and a fixed guide wheel. The impeller is divided into two types: the impeller is divided into two types. The structure of the impeller determines the displacement of the pump. The number of stages of the impeller determines the pump. The lift of the submersible motor in the oil well transfers the mechanical energy to the submersible pump, and the impeller in the submersible pump rotates at a high speed to pump the crude oil from the well to the ground oil collection system. The submersible electric pump was originally introduced by the three major US companies. It has been developed and developed in various series, and has achieved high pump efficiency, lift and flow.

main feature:

● Large displacement liquid extraction is the main advantage of this oil recovery method. However, current submersible electric pumps are also frequently used in oil wells with relatively low liquid production.

? This pump is capable of transferring water from the upper water layer in the well to the lower water injection layer.

● It is easy to operate and easy to manage. It can be used in urban areas to beautify the environment and reduce noise.

● It can be used in inclined wells, horizontal wells and offshore oil production.

● Easy to handle corrosion and waxing.

● It is easy to install test equipment such as downhole pressure and temperature, and pass the test signal to the ground through the cable to make measurement readings.

● In order to adapt to the diminishing or change of oil well production, the frequency conversion device can be used to adjust the power frequency to achieve, but the input cost is high.

● The maintenance period is longer and the production time of oil wells is relatively high.

main application:

Widely used in water, hot springs, oil fields, oil refining, petrochemical and other media.

Conditions of Use:

● Ambient medium temperature: ≤150 °C; oil well temperature: 50~180 °C. The temperature is less than 90 °C, the O-ring is generally made of nitrile rubber, the thrust pad on the impeller, the phenolic laminated glass cloth board is generally used, the oil well is higher than 90 °C, the O-ring is generally made of fluorine rubber (170 °C) ), the thrust washer on the impeller is generally F4 polystyrene (150 ° C).

● Air content: The submersible pump is completely immersed in the well fluid when it is working in the oil well. Oil wells often contain different kinds of free gases. Free gas will have a serious impact on the working characteristics of submersible pumps. When a certain amount is reached, air locks will occur. Gas interference seriously affects the normal operation of submersible electric pumps, causing the motor load to change drastically. Or unloading, the oil separator can be installed under the submersible pump.

● Sand content of well fluid: ≤0.05%, sand content: When the submersible pump draws well fluid in the oil well, it is required that the sand in the well fluid does not exceed 0.05%.

●Applicable medium: oil-water or three-phase mixture of oil and gas, under the pressure of the suction port, the gas volume accounts for 0~30% of the total volume flow of the three phases;

● Well fluid viscosity: ≤ 7mm2 / s;

Submersible electric pump site management and fault handling:

1.1 Equipment inspection site

(1) Checking of the control cabinet: Whether the contactor is stable during operation, whether the vibration noise is normal, whether the current recorder is accurate, and whether the current on the card is consistent with the meter range;

(2) Inspection of transformer: Whether the sound and oil level are normal; if the high-voltage switch is in good contact, the depth of the blade should be greater than 80%;

(3) Wellhead inspection: Whether the wellhead venting valve, oil meter, etc. are complete; whether the gate switch is rusted, flexible or not.

1.2 Management requirements after the electric pump well is put into operation

(1) The normal operation of the electric pump well is operated by the duty oil producer. When the fault occurs, it must be handled by the professional who holds the electric pump operation certificate;

(2) After the unit is put into normal operation, pay attention to the replacement of the current card. In order to ensure the accuracy of the recording, the current recorder zero calibration should be performed before the production is put into operation or when the various reasons are stopped.

(3) Do a good job of updating all kinds of information.

1.3 Electric pump well waxing

A wax cleaning well should be carried out within one week after the electric pump well is put into production, and a reasonable wax removal cycle should be established according to the specific conditions. The wax cleaning operation should be quality and quantity, and should be carried out smoothly, without hard wax, no drilling, no plugging, etc., and the relevant work ledger should be established after the wax is finished.

2 Submersible pump current card analysis and troubleshooting

The submersible pump well current card is a curve that reflects the relationship between the time of the submersible pump and the current of the submersible motor. It is the main basis for the daily production management of the submersible pump well. In a normal current card, the current curve should be a smooth curve.

2.1 Current card for pump running in gas interference

Degassing of crude oil, a large amount of gas entering the pump causes current fluctuations, resulting in a decrease in production. The prevention method is: adding a gas anchor or a rotary oil separator in the pump suction port; reasonably controlling the casing gas; ensuring a reasonable sedimentation degree of the unit; adding a certain amount of demulsifier to the well liquid.

2.2 Current card for overload shutdown

After the unit is started, the current gradually rises to the rated current value for normal operation; then it gradually rises, and finally reaches the overload current setting value, and the overload stops. Prevention and treatment methods: normal overload shutdown should be carried out for washing; sand pumping before the pump, lifting the sand pumping unit; regular wax cleaning and hot washing of the ground pipeline; processing phase loss, or replacing the unit.

2.3 Voltage fluctuations

When the supply voltage fluctuates, the motor current fluctuates in order to meet the pump's power requirements. The reason is that the sudden start of the high-power plunger pump on the power supply line causes the voltage to drop instantaneously, and multiple ports of the nearby pumping unit are started at the same time, or there is a lightning strike. Prevention: After a large area power failure, wait for other equipment to start and then start the pump and install lightning protection equipment.

2.4 Insufficient liquid supply

Due to insufficient liquid supply in the formation, the pump will eventually shut down and the system will automatically restart. When the current is reduced, the liquid production and pump efficiency will be reduced until there is no liquid to enter the pump, resulting in underload shutdown. The reason is that in the initial stage of commissioning of the electric pump well, the pump is improperly selected, or the oil well is supplied after a period of production. Treatment: reduce the nozzle; deepen the pump; replace the small displacement unit.

3 Judgment and treatment of other faults of submersible electric pump [2]

3.1 Pipe column missing judgment and treatment

When a column leak occurs, oil pressure and relative yield decrease. Most wells with drain valve string are caused by the dumping pin being smashed or eroded. It is necessary to check the pump operation to resume production; the well leaked by the pipe string can be judged by the verification method of pipe string rolling. .

3.2 Increase the current after the shutdown

After the shutdown of the heavy oil electric pump well, the restart current will increase, causing the unit to be burned. This phenomenon will be more obvious in winter. After the oil well is stopped, the temperature is lowered, the oil becomes thicker, the fluidity becomes worse, the pump speed is slower, the electric pump runs at a high speed for a long time, and the current is high, resulting in a shorter life. The variable frequency centralized switching technology can be used to control multiple wellheads with one frequency converter, so that each well can achieve soft start. The investment is not large enough to reduce the pumping, and the gradual increase of the crude oil temperature can also reduce the impact of the viscosity of the crude oil on the pump. 3.3 Cable Fault Diagnosis and Processing

The cable failure occurs as an overload stop of the ground control cabinet. Sometimes the current curve on the switchboard current card suddenly rises, similar to the electrical damage of the motor. When detecting, the relative insulation resistance of the three is 0, and the resistance is balanced. There are two kinds of cable damage: one is damage at the wellhead or tubing, the direct resistance is less than 1Ω; the second is far away from the wellhead, the direct resistance is 2-3Ω, and the specific damage can be calculated according to the resistance of each meter of cable. . For the damage at the wellhead, the cable can be reconnected; if there are several oil pipes under the tree cap, the oil pipe can be reconnected; if the damage is serious, the pump must be checked.

3.4 Faults and treatment caused by well fluid

This situation may occur in wells with mechanical impurities such as sand and mud, electric pump test oil exploration wells, and sand control completion. The performance is high running current, fluctuating, overload stop when the overload setting value is exceeded, and it is also possible to block the nozzle. For the new wells produced by sand control completion, the reason is that the sand filling after the completion operation is not washed out, the following solutions can be taken: increase the overload setting value; adjust the large nozzle; stop the backwashing.

3.5 Fault diagnosis and elimination caused by casing gas

When the oil supply of the oil well is insufficient, the oil well level is very low and close to the pump suction port, and the gas in the casing annulus enters the electric pump, causing the underload to stop the pump. There are several ways to handle this situation:

(1) Control the sleeve pressure and lower the underload setting value;

(2) Intermittent production, adopt manual or control cabinet to automatically start pumping mode;

(3) If the pump is shallow, the pumping depth can be deepened;

(4) Lower the underload set value and reduce the nozzle;

(5) Measures to increase the production of oil layers by acidification and fracturing;

(6) Open the unmined horizon production and replenish the liquid source;

(7) Replace the electric pump that matches the well.

3.6 Fault diagnosis and treatment caused by unreasonable unit matching

If the electric pump unit is not properly matched, it may cause a malfunction. First, the phenomenon of “l(fā)arge horse-drawn car” appears, which generally does not cause an accident. However, when the motor has a large margin, underload occurs. Second, the phenomenon of “small horse-drawn carriage” appears, and the running current will be higher than the rated current. Difficulties in starting up and burning of the unit can occur. When these conditions occur, only replace the appropriate pump unit when the pump is in operation.

Stainless steel hot spring pump

Long shaft deep well pump

Stainless steel deep well pump

Submersible electric pump

位于Schw?bischGmünd的德國凱森Kaysen泵業(yè)有限公司是 *的各種流體水泵和隔膜泵制造商之一。60多年來，凱森以“制造”的可靠性和質(zhì)量達(dá)到了*標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。憑借我們?nèi)娴漠a(chǎn)品組合，我們支持 各地的客戶成功掌握供水，采礦，工業(yè)，化工，造紙，電力，食品，制藥，污水和海上行業(yè)的苛刻抽水任務(wù)。作為上述領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新技術(shù)的*供應(yīng)商，我們是液體需要安全，高效和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)輸?shù)?合作伙伴。

德國凱森始終堅(jiān)持“重質(zhì)量，講信譽(yù)”為宗旨。產(chǎn)品現(xiàn) 全國各地，并已逐步開發(fā)海外市場(chǎng)。公司多次被評(píng)為“重合同講信用”企業(yè)，深得用戶的信賴和廣泛的贊譽(yù)。

The Kaysen Pumps GmbH in Schw?bischGmünd, Germany, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of fluid centrifugal pumps and diaphragm pumps. For more than 60 years, Kaisen has achieved the highest standards of reliability and quality of "Made in Germany". With our comprehensive product portfolio, we support customers around the world to successfully grasp the harsh pumping tasks of water supply, mining, industry, chemical, paper, electricity, food, pharmaceutical, sewage and marine industries. As a leading provider of innovative technology in these areas, we are the perfect partner for liquids to be safe, efficient and economical to transport. ,
Germany Kaysen always adhere to the "quality, stresses credibility" for the purpose. Products are selling all over the country, and has gradually developed overseas markets. The company has repeatedly been rated as "the contract with the letter" business, won the trust of users and extensive praise.

進(jìn)口潛油電泵-進(jìn)口深井泵